Water
being essential for human survival and other living creatures have continued
being scarce worldwide. The rampant impact of the human prior the actions of
industrialization at most has polluted the water sources, and this has been
associated with serious environment issues in the recent times. Cities are
expanding with unreliable drainage and water supply. The supply and supplement
to the natural waters that re consumable has been facilitated with the
establishment of wastewater treatment plants. The paper highlights the
automation, controlling and monitoring of the treatment plant to impact on the
quality and process as well via the designing of an ICS network.
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Description of the industry
Water is an essential thing in the life
of living things, and it is categorized among the basic needs for a human being
and any other living creature. The waters cover over 70% of the earth surface,
but it is not such evenly distributed for the human consumption. The larger
percentage of the water is not readily consumable by a human creature. The
global still experiences the water scarcity, and it is a crisis in regards to
the campaign of creating the awareness of understanding how to use the
available water efficiently. The limited and unavailability of water has got
governments and private organization to reuse and recycling of water. In this
case different sewage treatment plants as well as the effluent treatment plants
have been adopted for the purpose (Kamtekar & Verma, 2016).
As a way of getting the operating to the
standardized and advanced level of operations, SCADA systems have got their
introduction within the designing of the wastewater treatment plants.
Industrial control systems (ICS) have an outlined objective of automating
operations prior the monitoring and controlling of the systems to protect
against correctable failures and security attacks. The wastewater treatment
plant is established with the objective of recycling the water for reuse, and
at this time the recycled water must be safe for human use and any other living
creature to avoid hazardous effects to the environment and living creatures.
The development of the industrial
control system (ICS) network requires an advanced application of technologies
that will ensure an outstanding ICS network for the wastewater treatment plant
that delivers the quality. At this point, the designing does adopt the best and
desirable network topology in reflection to the physical terrain of the place.
Subsequently, the integration of different SCADA systems to facilitate
automation, controlling and monitoring gives the wastewater treatment plant to
deliver the function adequately. The adoption of different SCADA systems will
demand the deployment of better security measures for protecting the ICS
network concurrently with the physical machines.
Industrial Control System (ICS)Processes Employed in Wastewater treatment plant
Intellution HMI software
The iFIX application is the model of the
Intellution HMI software developed by the GE Digital; that was formerly defined
as Proficy HMI/SCADA. The iFIX is an industrial automation system that is
applied for a range of purposes that ranges all the way from the common HMI functionality,
a manual data entry verification, and validation, to huge rather complex SCADA
systems, applied for filtration, as well as distributed alarm management. The
iFIX application plays a role in Wastewater treatment plant of automating
processes and providing the visualized interface of controlling the critical
processes during the recycling process.
The iFIX is defined with the guarantee
to secure agility, better and advanced decision making that is in driving the
results to success. The software it is advantaged with its robust engine, a
good set of connectivity options, well defined and open architecture, and
framework of scalability. The iFIX is characterized by being reliable in
operations, connectivity driving the results, a consistent in regards to the
iFIX Embedded systems and a good visualization across the screens.
Modicon PLCs
The Modicon M340 is a sample of the
Modicon mid range PLC designed for industrial process and infrastructure that
aims at simplifying and integrating functions. The system has the Modicon
Programmable Automation Controllers (PACs) integrated that meets the industry
processes of automating the processes and applications. Modicon M340 impacts on
improving the performance, quality and productivity of the industrial process,
systems, and physical machines. The system has specific applications for
integrated RTU solutions designed for Water, O&G, Power and
Infrastructures. The controlling of the process via the Integrated Process
Control library, the counting of the PTO module and high-density analog input
and output modules.
The fiber-optic Ethernet data highway
The communication fiber-optic interface
1771-AF & 1771-AF1 plays the role of allowing the DH+ and Remote I/O
signals to propagate over the fiber-optic cable in electrically noisy
environments. The system then converts the Twinax electrical signals to a light
form that is transmitted within the cable and then later into the Twinax. The
system works on the communication interface of Twinax and Fiber-optic
pre-terminated cables of standards 1771- PT2 (75 m)
Profile ICS Security Devices
RSView32
RSView32 is a well integrated and
component-based HMI software that is established with the function of
monitoring and controlling the physical machines and processes automated within
the wastewater treatment plant. The HMI software package does use open
technologies that grant unprecedented connectivity to compatible applications
that are not limited to Rockwell Software products and Microsoft products.
The RS View32 comes as Active Display
system or an RS View32 Web Server. The Active Display System is a
client/server-based application that gives the user the potential of remotely
opening, running and interacting with the RSView32 graphic display. The
RSView32 Web server gives the quick check of the graphic displays, alarms and
use of standards browsers. The application was designed as a window based
application and a runtime component based HNI software. It integrates the
techniques of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), Add-On Architecture (AOA)
technology and the OLE containers for the ActiveX controls.
GE Cimplicity
The GE Cimplicity has a proven
automation platform designed by the GE Digital initially defined as a Proficy
HMI/SCADA – CIMPLICITY. The systems guarantee a true client-server based
visualization monitoring and control of the SCADA systems and physical machines
to plant locations in a spanning across the global. The systems aid in managing
the operations within the treatment plant and impacting to the decision-making
process. The CIMPLICITY is an HMI/SCADA system applied in industries and by the
world’s largest manufacturers because of its associated fast response, reduced
costs and increased profitability.
Hydraulic Power Units (HPU)
The Hydraulic Power Units (HPU) device
provides LP and HP hydraulic supplies with the focus on the distribution system
within the wastewater treatment plant. The Hydraulic Power Units have the
enclosure of hydraulically designed of 316 stainless steel and by the IP56
level of protection.
Electrical Power Units (EPU)
The Electrical Power Units does grant
the functionality of taking to control and monitoring of the power supply and
distribution within the Wastewater treatment plant control system. The Electric
power system is separated from the power distribution network.
The Wastewater treatment plant adoption of the
industrial control system to facilitate the normal operations was aimed at
improving the quality of the services and speed up the deliverable process. The
establishment of the SCADA systems within the plant got the installation of
different SCADA systems that are computing-based applications. The systems are
susceptible to different security attacks that the wastewater treatment plant
ICS network administrators must take into consideration. The mishandling of the
devices and issues relating to the cyber security attacks and the network
intrusions and the security concerns that must get considered to make sure that
the ICS network is reliable and effective.
The wastewater treatment plant has the undefined
inputs, and it is ideal to make sure that there is a real-time system to
provide the necessary controlling. It is, therefore, a demand to have the
proper security measures in place to handle the cybercrime attacks that can get
the plant compromised to pollute the environment. Physical security measures
are a must considerable thing within the wastewater treatment plant.
The ICS security practices aim at ensuring that the
industrial control system network is protected. The different SCADA systems
communication within the ICS network must get enhanced for the provision of
desirable and appropriate security mechanism to required levels to prevent the
network against the intrusion. The wastewater treatment plant control system
network must get restricted to only authenticated and authorized access to use.
The privileged and legitimate users should only have the authority of accessing
the network with a respective purpose of using the network. Subsequently, the
access of the internet at the industrial control system (ICS) site must be
prohibited to curb on the rampant attack of cross-site scripting that related
to browsing the global network.
Malicious scripts do compromise the communication
within the ICS network getting the system to malfunction. The inclusion of
firewalls will be great to filter all the packets that will be controlling the
flow of information within the SCADA systems of the wastewater treatment plant.
Another essential practice that must get considered is the creation of
awareness amongst the staffs working at the wastewater treatment plant in regards
to the ICS security. The process will get enacted through the training,
attending seminars and workshops. The security measures will get facilitated
with the installation and maintaining of up to date patches for the operating
systems to seal all the loops within the network (Pohlmann, Reimer, Schneider
& Information Security Solutions Europe (Conference). 2011).
Vulnerability Continuous Monitoring Strategy
The
vulnerability continuous monitoring strategy develops the process of getting
the security system to define and establish the practices alongside the
techniques that will get the Wastewater treatment plant less susceptible to
attacks. The cybercrime prevention mechanism does provide desirable positive
mechanisms to curb on the different vulnerabilities that are related to
wastewater treatment plant ICS network. The industrial control system network
should get designed according to the international standards organization
(ISO).In the case, the security measures will get enhanced at easy within the wastewater
treatment plant (Crisis (Conference), In Lopez, In Ray & In Crispo, 2015).
At the same time, the ICS network must get designed according to standardized
ICS architecture.
References
Crisis
(Conference), In Lopez, J., In Ray, I., & In Crispo, B. (2015). Risks and
security of internet and systems: 9th International Conference, Crisis 2014,
Trento, Italy, August 27-29, 2014. Revised selected papers.
Kamtekar,
S. & Verma, S. (2016). Design And Treatment of Waste Water (Grey) for Two
Pipe System Using Wetland STP.
Pohlmann,
N., Reimer, H., Schneider, W., & Information Security Solutions Europe
(Conference). (2011). ISSE 2010 Securing Electronic Business Processes:
Highlights of the Information Security Solutions Europe 2010 Conference.
Wiesbaden: Vieweg + Teubner.
Sherry Roberts is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in college research paper services if you need a similar paper you can place your order for best essay services online.
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